Welcome Parents!
Hi, my name is Mike Smith and I'm the youth pastor at Bethel Assembly. I would like to a few minutes of your time and talk to you about your teenager. I know a lot of people get scared when they hear the word "teenager," but these years don't have to be ones that frighten you. It is a time of great physical growth, hence the food bill being so high, not to mention a time of great independence. Teenagers are trying to find out who they are and why they exist. It is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood.
I grew up in a society that had absolute truths. If I got in trouble at school then I got in trouble when I got home. I grew up with a sense of right and wrong. Our children today are not being raised in the same kind of society. The culture today says whatever you believe is right is right, if you believe it's wrong then it is wrong. Thus, our teenagers have no solid basis on which to build their values. This is the reason why many teenagers feel a sense of being lost and why it is so important for parents to truly parent their teenager.
A lot of people feel that a teenager wants to be left alone, but that is far from the truth. They need as much love, direction and encouragement as they had as a child. A lot of parents still give direction. They stop or back off giving hugs and kisses because they believe their teen doesn't need it. They could not be farther from the truth. Having worked with teenagers for over 20 years, I have found them needing their parents affirmation more as a teenager than when they where children. Even when they roll their eyes and act like they don't care, they really do. Remember how you were as a teenager? You never wanted your parents to think they were right. Some things just never change!
It does take time and effort, but the results will last a lifetime. Don't let your teenager become another statistic - let them become all that God has destined them to be!
In His Service for Youth at Bethel Assembly of God,
Pastor Mike
If I can help you in any way, please call me at (717) 359-4675 (church) (717) 398-4821 (cell) or send me an email: pastormike@bethelag.com
A CHALLENGE FROM PASTOR MIKE AND ANGELA

I have a houseful of children and a youth ministry full of students. What I have noticed over the years of ministry is that each child and teenager is one of a kind. They have their own personalities, thoughts and ideas - which is awesome!
We want them to discover who they are and their purpose in life. I want my children and the students that I pastor to grow up and be effective leaders in our world. I know that this is the cry of every parent and grandparent. The only way this can happen is if we purpose in our hearts to be the best parents as possible.
The “Center for Parent/Youth Understanding” states that “Tonight, 40% of the kids in
Many dads are guilty of saying, “They know I love them!” Your children don’t know unless you tell them and they spell love, t-i-m-e. I had a student tell me one time, “I can’t remember the last time my dad hugged me.” What a tragedy if we raise our kids with a lot of gadgets, but they never learn what real love is all about
There was a survey done by Amway that asked 5,000 kids, “What is the American dream?” The answer was astounding! Ninety-five percent said that they wanted a happy home life.
The cry of this generation is “Please love me - don’t just tell me, but show me!” Their desire is to grow up with parents that love them for who they are, not what we want them to be. Maybe your children don’t live under your roof because of circumstances. That is why you need to work hard at letting them know you care.
The Barna Group did a survey on parenting earlier this year on the subject of, “What makes a parent successful?” They found that having patience and demonstrating love are at the top of the list. The second thing was enforcing discipline and being understanding. This generation is crying out for strong moms and dads that will love them unconditionally. Parent your children with a strong love! Let us resolve that we will show them the love that they so desperately desire and need! Let’s work together!

In April of 2006, my son awoke, ecstatic. He was turning 5. But it wasn't the presents, fancy birthday party or special attention at preschool that had him so excited. He couldn't wait to finally chew gum. Some cultures take a boy hunting or have him scale a mountain. In the Smithouser home we hand him a stick of Juicy Fruit. After all, there's responsibility involved with chewing gum: a) knowing not to swallow it, and b) being able to dispose of it properly. Colin popped a piece into his mouth before breakfast and proceeded to refresh the flavor all day, one stick at a time. It was a glorious milestone.
Families may celebrate rites of passage differently, but the important thing is that we do celebrate them. I didn't realize just how important until I spoke with Stephen Wallace, a school psychologist and national chairman of Students Against Destructive Decisions. It turns out that, in addition to creating family memories, they can also keep our kids—teenagers in particular—out of trouble.
As much as adolescents need to detach from parents more as they move toward independence, you've noticed a disturbing trend, haven't you?
Almost half of high schoolers say their parents aren't paying attention to the important transitions in their lives. Things like puberty, school change, important birthdays, first job, getting a driver's license, a first girlfriend or boyfriend. Those are key events that kids focus on. At the end of the day, it's about parents slowing down long enough to listen carefully and see their significance through adolescent eyes. If we're not paying enough attention to these rites of passage, kids go out and make up their own.
Which can be dangerous.
They're so eager to say, "Hey, look at me!" They're jumping up and down, waving their arms in an attempt to show the world that they're older, responsible and more mature. When we deprive them of that recognition, what do they do? They turn to adult-like behavior that we don't want them participating in. They start smoking or drinking or using drugs or having sex as a way to say, "I'm older. I can do these things that adults are doing."
And then they watch movies or television shows that depict characters playing at being grown up, but without the responsibilities and commitments that go along with that.
Yes. I had one kid tell me, "If you watch television, you just assume everyone's having sex." That opens up so many doors about the influence of media on young people and the decisions they make. You don't have to be a rocket scientist to figure out that, if you're constantly exposing young people to violence, they may become more violent. If you're bombarding them with images of people having sex, they're more likely to have sex. I wrote a column called "Hooking Up, Losing Out: The New Culture of Teen Sex," where I speculate about the long-term ramifications of the earlier and earlier initiation of intimate sexual behavior that's so often casual, anonymous or even exploitative. We don't yet know the long-term consequences for kids, but there are going to be some.
You use the term "ritualistic celebrations" when you talk about our need to reinforce teens' coming-of-age moments. Why, as a culture, do we seem to be moving away from those celebrations?
To a large extent, we've abandoned our teens by creating a sort of netherworld of human development—an extended adolescence where kids tend to enter puberty earlier and, on the other end, take longer to leave the nest. There aren't the same universal transitions we used to have, and what one young person might consider a significant rite of passage may not be for another. The question becomes, "What does recognizing them and celebrating them mean?"
And even if you ask teens outright, many aren't able to articulate what is going to be important to them.
That's right. These are discoveries made during normal conversations that happen over time. As a parent, you've got to keep talking and keep listening.
Stephen, we talked about the importance of recognizing key transitions in teens' lives, in part to keep them from making foolish grabs for attention just to show that they're not little kids anymore. I can almost hear parents saying, "We already do that in our home." And maybe they do. But can they do it more effectively?
Sure. Take drivers licenses, for example. I talk to teens all the time who are so excited about getting one. Their parents are, too, to the extent that it means they can shuttle a little brother or sister around or run an errand at the last minute. Parents often look at this rite of passage with a sense of relief, because it takes pressure off of Mom and Dad. Well, when they send that message to their teen, they're really missing the boat. Teens are excited because it means they are more independent and society views them as more responsible, not because they can go to the corner store or pick up Billy after soccer practice.
So even when we acknowledge a milestone, we can be focused on the wrong aspect of it.
I remember talking to a woman about my research. She told me, "When I got my first job and brought home my first paycheck I was thrilled, because to me it represented the fact that I was making my own money and didn't have to ask my parents for everything." She proudly showed it to Mom and Dad. The first thing they said was, "That's great, honey. That's going right into your college fund." They missed the real significance of that rite of passage.
How could her parents have responded better?
They should have tried to look at it from her point of view [and] maybe thought back to how it felt when they got their first paychecks. Focus on the feelings behind it and the symbolism of it, not the practicality of it: "Gee, honey, it must make you feel so proud and independent to earn your own money and have the freedom to decide what to do with it." Transitioning from middle school to high school is another big one. Parents see the accomplishment but may not be dialed in to the fact that it's also a time of great anxiety. And as I've said, if we don't find ways to affirm children at times like these, they'll come up with their own ways to feel grown-up, some of which are unhealthy.
What about parents trying to play catch-up? Maybe they didn't validate their children in a meaningful way and they've witnessed poor decisions.
It's never too late to try. When we talk about risky decision-making, it's not an either/or proposition for a lot of kids. In studies, we separate adolescents into three categories: avoiders, experimenters and repeaters. For example, you probably know "avoider" kids who resist drinking. They've made a deliberate decision that alcohol is just not what they're about. They are hard to drag over the fence. At the other extreme, "repeaters" who are out drinking three or four nights a week are very tough to drag back. The battle is really fought in that middle category. Like Independents in a political system, everyone fights for the swing vote.
In other words, if there's an "experimenter" in your home, you can keep her from becoming a repeater.
Right. Even for kids who may have used alcohol, tried drugs or compromised themselves sexually, for the majority there's ample space for parents to give it another try, even if they haven't necessarily done all the right things before.
I'm grateful that we serve a God of second chances, though I pray your family doesn't need them when it comes to young people and destructive decisions. Don't breeze past important transitions. Look for things to celebrate. Try to appreciate those mile-markers of maturity from your child's perspective. More than just making memories, you'll be insulating children from poor choices that can become dangerous habits.
Taken from: www.pluggedin.com/familyroom/articles/2011/headingoffdestructivedecisions.aspx
Help for Rising Teenagers

Have a New Kid by Friday: How to Change Your Child's Attitude, Behavior & Character in 5 Days
By: Dr. Kevin Leman
Tired of defiant attitudes and power struggles with your little ankle-biters? Then you need this book. With his signature wit and wisdom, internationally recognized family expert Dr. Kevin Leman reveals why your kids do what they do and what you can do about it. He gives you simple principles that can give you results in as little as 5 days.

The 5 Love Languages of Teenagers: The Secret to Loving Teens Effectively
By: Gary Chapman
Teens face social, mental, and spiritual peer pressure every day but it's their parents who can influence them the most! Learn the language of effectively communicating affection to your teenagers; discover input that nurtures their sense of responsibility, spiritual identity, and security in Christ; and develop boundaries that are enforced with discipline and responsibility.

The Birth Order Book
By: Dr. Kevin Leman
This book offers key insights into how birth order affects personality, marriage and relationships, parenting style, career choice, and children.

What a Difference a Daddy Makes: The Indelible Imprint a Dad Leaves on His Daughter's Life
By: Dr. Kevin Leman
If there's one man who matters in a woman's life, it's her father. He affects her outlook from the start of her life-even if he's absent. Dr. Kevin Leman gives dads advice on balancing authority with love, keeping conversation going as she grows up and introducing her to God.

Bringing Up Boys
By: Dr. James Dobson
"If you are honest, trustworthy, caring, loving, self-disciplined, and God-fearing, your boys will be influenced by those traits as they age.... So much depends on what they observe in you."

Bringing Up Girls: Practical Advice and Encouragement for Those Shaping the Next Generation of Women
By: Dr. James Dobson
Bringing Up Girls will equip parents like you to face the challenges of raising your daughters to become healthy, happy, and successful women who overcome challenges specific to girls and women today and who ultimately excel in life.

Every Young Man's Battle: Strategies for Victory in the Real World of Sexual Temptation
By: Stephen Arterburn, Fred Stoeker, Mike Yorkey
From the authors of Every Man's Battle comes a survival guide for male teens and young adults struggling with sexual temptation. Learn how to help young men implement a practical "battle plan"---exchanging shame and confusion for a positive, thriving relationship with Christ.

It's Better to Build Boys than Mend Men
By: S. Truett Cathy
In It's Better to Build Boys than Mend Men, Cathy lays out a simple model for adults desiring to reach out to youth. He challenges readers to allow God to work through them to change the lives of children. His book is filled with stories illustrating the principles of discipline, trust, reputation, generosity, common sense, persistence, peer pressure, and family stability. Readers who follow their hearts into their children's lives will find that their own lives are enriched as well.

The Father Connection: How You Can Make the Difference in Your Child's Self-Esteem and Sense of Purpose
By: Josh McDowell
A modern classic on father-child relationships is revised and redesigned, continuing its legacy of helping dads to lovingly raise their kids based on God’s teaching. Includes “60 Fun Things a Dad Can Do with His Kids.”

Lies Young Women Believe: And the Truth That Sets Them Free
By: Nancy Leigh DeMoss, Dannah Gresh
Lies Young Women Believe will give girls aged 13-19 the tools they need to identify where their lives and beliefs are off course—the result of buying into Satan's lies about God, guys, media, and more.

Surviving Middle School
By RICK BUNDSCHUH
Middle School (some people know it as “Junior High”) is a whole new world full of new people, new schedules, weird situations and bizarre relationships. It’s a time of life when “transmogrification” takes place in kids’ bodies, homes, friendships, and brains. Middle School is when they learn to navigate the important issues of life.

The Big Black Book for Parents: Helping Your Teen Navigate Through Life's Challenges
By: Blaine Bartel
Helps you get to the bottom line when it comes to raising your teens. Discover how you can...provide spiritual direction to your teen. Help your teen plan a fantastic future. Help your teen find favor in friendships…protect your teen from dating dangers…help your teen win respect with aurhority, including you. Develop discipline and work ethic in your teen and much.

Raising a Modern Day Knight: A Father's Role in Guiding His Son to Authentic Manhood
By: Robert Lewis
Using the customs of pursuing knighthood in the medieval era, author Robert Lewis draws parallels to achieving manhood today. It's a meticulous process that requires vision, goals and an uncompromising character. Inside this book, you'll find solid advice to help you courageously lead your son into a biblical masculinity that will impact others.
Top Ten Mistakes Christian Parents of Teens Make
It might be difficult for some parents to read through, but here’s a top ten list that I’ve been wanting to write for a while. Over the next several days I’ll be expanding on each of these in succession, but for now, here is my top ten mistakes Christian parents of teens make:
10. Not spending time with your teen.
A lot of parents make the mistake of not spending time with their teens because they assume their teens don’t want to spend time with them! While that’s true in some contexts, teens still want and need “chunks” of one-on-one time with parents. Despite the fact that teens are transitioning into more independence and often carry a “I don’t need/want you around” attitude, they are longing for the securing and grounding that comes from consistent quality time make.
Going for walks together, grabbing a coffee in order to “catch up,” going to the movies together, etc., all all simple investments that teens secretly want and look forward to. When you don’t carve out time to spend with your teen, you’re communicating that you’re not interested in them, and they internalize that message, consciously or unconsciously.
9. Letting your teen’s activities take top priority for your family.
The number of parents who wrap their lives/schedules around their teen’s activities is mind-boggling to me. I honestly just don’t get it. I know many parents want to provide their children with experiences and opportunities they never had growing up, but something’s gone wrong with our understanding of family and parenting when our teen’s wants/”needs” are allowed to overwhelm the family’s day-to-day routines.
Read More: Parents need to prioritize investing in their relationship with God (individually and as a couple), themselves and each other, but sadly all of these are often neglected in the name of “helping the kids get ahead.” “Don’t let the youth sports cartel run your life,” says Jen singer, author of You’re A Good Mom (and Your Kids Aren’t So Bad Either). I can’t think of many good reasons why families can’t limit teens to one major sport/extra-curricular activity per season. Not only will a frenetic schedule slowly grind down your entire family of time, you’ll be teaching your teen that “the good life” is a hyper-active one. That doesn’t align itself to Jesus’ teaching as it relates to the healthy rhythms of prayer, Sabbath, and down-time, all of which are critical to the larger Christian task of “seeking first the kingdom of God and His righteousness” (Matthew 6:33).
8. Spoiling your teen.
We are all tempted to think that loving our kids means doing all we can to ensure they have all the opportunities and things we didn’t have growing up. This is a terrible assumption to make. It leads to an enormous amount of self-important, petty, and ungrateful kids. A lot of the time parents are well-intentioned in our spoiling, but our continual stream of money and stuff causes teens to never be satisfied and always wanting more. Your teen doesn’t need another piece of crap, what he needs is time and attention from you (that’s one expression of spoiling that actually benefits your teen!).
There are two things that can really set you back in life if we get them too early:
a. Access to too much money.
b. Access to too many opportunities.
Parents need to recognize they’re doing their teens a disservice by spoiling them in either of these ways. Save the spoiling for the grandkids.
7. Permissive parenting.
“Whatever” — It’s not just for teens anymore! The devil-may-care ambivalence that once defined the teenage subculture has now taken root as parents shrug their shoulders, ask, “What can you do?” and let their teens “figure things out for themselves.” I think permissive parenting (i.e., providing little direction, limits, and consequences) is on the rise because many parents don’t know how to dialogue with and discipline their children. Maybe parents don’t have any limits of boundaries within their own life, so they don’t know how to communicate the value of these to their teen. Maybe it’s because they don’t want to, because their own self-esteem is too tied up in their child’s perception of them, and they couldn’t handle having their teen get angry at them for actually trying to parent. Maybe it’s because many parents feel so overwhelmed with their own issues, they can hardly think of pouring more energy into a (potentially) taxing struggle or point of contention.
Whatever the reason, permissive parenting is completely irreconcilable with a Christian worldview. I certainly do not advocate authoritarian parenting styles, but if we practice a permission parenting style we’re abdicating our God-given responsibility to provide guidance, nurture, limits, discipline and consequences to our teen (all of which actually help our teen flourish long-term).
6. Trying to be your teen’s best friend.
Your teen doesn’t need another friend (they have plenty); they need a parent. Even through their teens, your child needs a dependable, confident, godly authority figure in their life. As parents we are called to provide a relational context characterized by wisdom, protection, love, support, and empowerment. As Christian parents we’re called to bring God’s flourishing rule into our family’s life. That can’t happen if we’re busy trying to befriend our teen. Trying to be your teen’s friend actually cheats them out of having these things in their lives.
Sometimes parents think that a strong relationship with their teen means having a strong friendship—but there’s a fine line that shouldn’t be crossed. You should be friendly to your teen but you shouldn’t be your teen’s friend. They have lots of friends, they only have one or two parents—so be the parent your teen needs you to be.
5. Holding low expectations for your teen.
Johann Goethe once wrote, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat as man as he can and should be, and he become as he can and should be.” All of us rise to the unconcious level of expectation we set for ourselves and perceive from others. During the teenage years, it’s especially important to slowly put to death the perception that your teen is still “a kid.” They are emerging leaders, and if you engage them as such, you will find that over time, they unconsciously take on this mantle for themselves. Yes, your teen can be moody, self-absorbed, irresponsible, etc., but your teen can also be brilliant, creative, selfless, and mature. Treating them like “kids” will reinforce the former; treating them as emerging leaders will reinforce the latter.
For an example of how the this difference in perspective plays out, I’ve written an article entitled “The Future of an Illusion” which is available as a free download from www.meredisciple.com (in the Free Downloads section). It specifically looks at my commitment to be involved in “emerging church ministry” as opposed to “youth ministry,” and it you may find some principles within it helpful.
4. Not prioritizing youth group/church involvement.
This one is one of my personal pet peeves (but not just because this is my professional gig). I simply do not understand parents who expect and want their kids to have a dynamic, flourishing faith, and yet don’t move heaven and earth to get them connected to both a youth group and local church.
I’m going to let everyone in on a little secret: no teenager can thrive in their faith without these two support mechanisms. I’m not saying a strong youth group and church community is all they need, but what I am saying that you can have everything else you think your teen needs, but without these two things, don’t expect to have a spiritually healthy and mature teen. Maybe there are teens out there who defy this claim, but honestly, I can’t think of one out of my own experience. As a parent, youth group and church involvement should be a non-negotiable part of your teen’s life, and that means they take priority over homework (do it the night before), sports, or any other extra-curricular commitments.
Don’t be the parent who is soft on these two commitments, but pushes their kid in schooling, sports, etc. In general, what you sow into determines what you reap; if you want to reap a teenager who has a genuine, flourishing faith, don’t expect that to happen if you’re ok with their commitment to youth group/church to be casual and half-hearted.
3. Outsourcing your teen’s spiritual formation.
While youth group and church is very important, another mistake I see Christian parents make is assuming them can completely outsource the spiritual development of their child to these two things. I see the same pattern when it comes to Christian education: parents sometimes choose to send their children/teens to Christian schools, because by doing so they think they’ve done their parental duty to raise their child in a godly way.
As a parent–and especially if you are a Christian yourself–YOU are THE key spiritual role model and mentor for your teen. And that isn’t “if you want to be” either–that’s the way it is. Ultimately, you are charged with teaching and modelling to your teen what follow Jesus means, and while church, youth groups, Christian schools can be a support to that end, they are only that: support mechanisms.
Read Deuteronomy 6 for an overview of what God expects from parents as it relates to the spiritual nurture and development of their children. (Hint: it’s doesn’t say, “Hand them off to the youth pastor and bring them to church on Sunday.”)
2. Not expressing genuine love and like to your teen.
It’s sad that I have to write this one at all, but I’m convinced very few Christian parents actually express genuine love and “like” to their teen. It can become easy for parents to only see how their teen is irresponsible, failing, immature, etc., and become a harping voice instead of an encouraging, empowering one.
Do you intentially set aside time to tell your teen how much you love and admire them? Do you write letters of encouragement to them? Do you have “date nights” where you spend time together and share with them the things you see in them that you are proud of?
Your teen won’t ask you for it, so don’t wait for an invitation. Everyday say something encouraging to your teen that builds them up (they get enough criticism as it is!). Pray everyday for them and ask God to help you become one of the core people in your teen’s life that He uses to affirm them.
1. Expecting your teen to have a devotion to God that you are not
cultivating within yourself.
When I talk to Christian parents, it’s obvious that they want their teen to have a thriving, dynamic, genuine, life-giving faith. What isn’t so clear, however, is whether that parent has one themselves. When it comes to the Christian faith, most of the time what we learn is caught and not taught. This means that even if you have the “right answers” as a parent, if you’re own spiritual walk with God is pathetic and stilted, your teen will unconciously follow suit. Every day you are teaching your teach (explicitely and implicitely) what discipleship to Jesus looks like “in the flesh.”
What are they catching from you? Are you cultivating a deep and mature relationship with God personally, or is your Christian parenting style a Christianized version of “do as I say, not as I do”?
While having a healthy and maturing discipleship walk as a parent does not garauntee your teen will follow in your footsteps, expecting your teen to have a maturing faith while you follow Jesus “from a distance” is an enormous mistake.
You are a Christian before you are a Christian parent (or any other role). Get real with God, share your own struggles and hypocrisy with your entire family, and maybe then God will begin to use your example in a positive and powerful way.
Do Dads have influence on the life of their children?
Statistics of a Fatherless
Sexual activity. In a study of 700 adolescents, researchers found that "compared to families with two natural parents living in the home, adolescents from single-parent families have been found to engage in greater and earlier sexual activity."
Source: Carol W. Metzler, et al. "The Social Context for Risky Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents," Journal of Behavioral Medicine 17 (1994).
A myriad of maladies. Fatherless children are at a dramatically greater risk of drug and alcohol abuse, mental illness, suicide, poor educational performance, teen pregnancy, and criminality.
Source:
Drinking problems. Teenagers living in single-parent households are more likely to abuse alcohol and at an earlier age compared to children reared in two-parent households
Source: Terry E. Duncan, Susan C. Duncan and Hyman Hops, "The Effects of Family Cohesiveness and Peer Encouragement on the Development of Adolescent Alcohol Use: A Cohort-Sequential Approach to the Analysis of Longitudinal Data," Journal of Studies on Alcohol 55 (1994).
Drug Use: "...the absence of the father in the home affects significantly the behavior of adolescents and results in the greater use of alcohol and marijuana."
Source: Deane Scott Berman, "Risk Factors Leading to Adolescent Substance Abuse," Adolescence 30 (1995)
Sexual abuse: A study of 156 victims of child sexual abuse found that the majority of the children came from disrupted or single-parent homes; only 31 percent of the children lived with both biological parents. Although stepfamilies make up only about 10 percent of all families, 27 percent of the abused children lived with either a stepfather or the mother's boyfriend.
Source: Beverly Gomes-Schwartz, Jonathan Horowitz, and Albert P. Cardarelli, "Child Sexual Abuse Victims and Their Treatment,"
Child Abuse: Researchers in
Source: Joan Ditson and Sharon Shay, "A Study of Child Abuse in
Deadly predictions: A family structure index -- a composite index based on the annual rate of children involved in divorce and the percentage of families with children present that are female-headed -- is a strong predictor of suicide among young adult and adolescent white males.
Source: Patricia L. McCall and Kenneth C. Land, "Trends in White Male Adolescent, Young-Adult and Elderly Suicide: Are There Common Underlying Structural Factors?" Social Science Research 23, 1994.
High risk: Fatherless children are at dramatically greater risk of suicide.
Source:
Suicidal Tendencies: In a study of 146 adolescent friends of 26 adolescent suicide victims, teens living in single-parent families are not only more likely to commit suicide but also more likely to suffer from psychological disorders, when compared to teens living in intact families.
Source: David A. Brent, et al. "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Peers of Adolescent Suicide Victims: Predisposing Factors and Phenomenology." Journal of the
Confused identities: Boys who grow up in father-absent homes are more likely that those in father-present homes to have trouble establishing appropriate sex roles and gender identity.
Source: P.L. Adams, J.R. Milner, and N.A. Schrepf, Fatherless Children,
Psychiatric Problems: In 1988, a study of preschool children admitted to
Source: Jack Block, et al. "Parental Functioning and the Home Environment in Families of Divorce," Journal of the
Emotional distress: Children living with a never-married mother are more likely to have been treated for emotional problems.
Source: L. Remez, "Children Who Don't Live with Both Parents Face Behavioral Problems," Family Planning Perspectives (January/February 1992).
Uncooperative kids: Children reared by a divorced or never-married mother are less cooperative and score lower on tests of intelligence than children reared in intact families. Statistical analysis of the behavior and intelligence of these children revealed "significant detrimental effects" of living in a female-headed household. Growing up in a female-headed household remained a statistical predictor of behavior problems even after adjusting for differences in family income.
Source: Greg L. Duncan, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn and Pamela Kato Klebanov, "Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood Development," Child Development 65 (1994).
Unstable families, unstable lives: Compared to peers in two-parent homes, black children in single-parent households are more likely to engage in troublesome behavior, and perform poorly in school.
Source: Tom Luster and Hariette Pipes McAdoo, "Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young African-American Children." Child Development 65 (1994): 1080-1094
Beyond class lines: Even controlling for variations across groups in parent education, race and other child and family factors, 18- to 22-year-olds from disrupted families were twice as likely to have poor relationships with their mothers and fathers, to show high levels of emotional distress or problem behavior, [and] to have received psychological help.
Source: Nicholas Zill, Donna Morrison, and Mary Jo Coiro, "Long Term Effects of Parental Divorce on Parent-Child Relationships, Adjustment and Achievement in Young Adulthood." Journal of Family Psychology 7 (1993).
Fatherly influence: Children with fathers at home tend to do better in school, are less prone to depression and are more successful in relationships. Children from one-parent families achieve less and get into trouble more than children from two parent families.
Source: One Parent Families and Their Children: The School's Most Significant Minority, conducted by The Consortium for the Study of School Needs of Children from One Parent Families, co sponsored by the National Association of Elementary School Principals and the Institute for Development of Educational Activities, a division of the Charles F. Kettering Foundation, Arlington, VA., 1980
Divorce disorders: Children whose parents separate are significantly more likely to engage in early sexual activity, abuse drugs, and experience conduct and mood disorders. This effect is especially strong for children whose parents separated when they were five years old or younger.
Source: David M. Fergusson, John Horwood and Michael T. Lynsky, "Parental Separation, Adolescent Psychopathology, and Problem Behaviors," Journal of the
Troubled marriages, troubled kids: Compared to peers living with both biological parents, sons and daughters of divorced or separated parents exhibited significantly more conduct problems. Daughters of divorced or separated mothers evidenced significantly higher rates of internalizing problems, such as anxiety or depression.
Source: Denise B. Kandel, Emily Rosenbaum and Kevin Chen, "Impact of Maternal Drug Use and Life Experiences on Preadolescent Children Born to Teenage Mothers," Journal of Marriage and the Family56 (1994).
Hungry for love: "Father hunger" often afflicts boys age one and two whose fathers are suddenly and permanently absent. Sleep disturbances, such as trouble falling asleep, nightmares, and night terrors frequently begin within one to three months after the father leaves home.
Source: Alfred A. Messer, "Boys Father Hunger: The Missing Father Syndrome," Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, January 1989.
Disturbing news: Children of never-married mothers are more than twice as likely to have been treated for an emotional or behavioral problem.
Source:
Poor and in trouble: A 1988 Department of Health and Human Services study found that at every income level except the very highest (over $50,000 a year), children living with never-married mothers were more likely than their counterparts in two-parent families to have been expelled or suspended from school, to display emotional problems, and to engage in antisocial behavior.
Source: James Q. Wilson, "In Loco Parentis: Helping Children When Families Fail Them," The Brookings Review, Fall 1993.
Fatherless aggression: In a longitudinal study of 1,197 fourth-grade students, researchers observed "greater levels of aggression in boys from mother-only households than from boys in mother-father households."
Source: N. Vaden-Kierman,
Act now, pay later: "Children from mother-only families have less of an ability to delay gratification and poorer impulse control (that is, control over anger and sexual gratification.) These children also have a weaker sense of conscience or sense of right and wrong."
Source: E.M. Hetherington and B. Martin, "Family Interaction" in H.C. Quay and J.S. Werry (eds.), Psychopathological Disorders of Childhood. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1979)
Crazy victims: Eighty percent of adolescents in psychiatric hospitals come from broken homes.
Source: J.B. Elshtain, "Family Matters...", Christian Century, July 1993.
Duh to dead: "The economic consequences of a [father's] absence are often accompanied by psychological consequences, which include higher-than-average levels of youth suicide, low intellectual and education performance, and higher-than-average rates of mental illness, violence and drug use."
Source: William Galston, Elaine Kamarck. Progressive Policy Institute. 1993
Expelled: Nationally, 15.3 percent of children living with a never-married mother and 10.7 percent of children living with a divorced mother have been expelled or suspended from school, compared to only 4.4 percent of children living with both biological parents.
Source: Debra Dawson, "Family Structure...", Journal of Marriage and Family, No. 53. 1991.
Violent rejection: Kids who exhibited violent behavior at school were 11 times as likely not to live with their fathers and six times as likely to have parents who were not married. Boys from families with absent fathers are at higher risk for violent behavior than boys from intact families.
Source: J.L. Sheline (et al.), "Risk Factors...", American Journal of Public Health, No. 84. 1994.
That crowd: Children without fathers or with stepfathers were less likely to have friends who think it's important to behave properly in school. They also exhibit more problems with behavior and in achieving goals.
Source: Nicholas Zill, C. W. Nord, "Running in Place," Child Trends, Inc. 1994.
Likeliest to succeed: Kids who live with both biological parents at age 14 are significantly more likely to graduate from high school than those kids who live with a single parent, a parent and step-parent, or neither parent.
Source: G.D. Sandefur (et al.), "The Effects of Parental Marital Status...", Social Forces, September 1992.
Worse to bad: Children in single-parent families tend to score lower on standardized tests and to receive lower grades in school. Children in single-parent families are nearly twice as likely to drop out of school as children from two-parent families.
Source: J.B. Stedman (et al.), "Dropping Out," Congressional Research Service Report No 88-417. 1988.
College odds: Children from disrupted families are 20 percent more unlikely to attend college than kids from intact, two-parent families.
Source: J. Wallerstein, Family Law Quarterly, 20. (Summer 1986)
On their own: Kids living in single-parent homes or in step-families report lower educational expectations on the part of their parents, less parental monitoring of school work, and less overall social supervision than children from intact families.
Source: N.M. Astore and S. McLanahan, Americican Sociological Review, No. 56 (1991)
Double-risk: Fatherless children -- kids living in homes without a stepfather or without contact with their biological father -- are twice as likely to drop out of school.
Source:
Repeat, repeat: Nationally, 29.7 percent of children living with a never-married mother and 21.5 percent of children living with a divorced mother have repeated at least one grade in school, compared to 11.6 percent of children living with both biological parents.
Source: Debra
Underpaid high achievers: Children from low-income, two-parent families outperform students from high-income, single-parent homes. Almost twice as many high achievers come from two-parent homes as one-parent homes.
Source: "One-Parent Families and Their Children;" Charles F. Kettering Foundation (1990).
Dadless and dumb: At least one-third of children experiencing a parental separation "demonstrated a significant decline in academic performance" persisting at least three years.
Source: L.M.C. Bisnairs (et al.), American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, no. 60 (1990)
Son of Solo: According to a recent study of young, non-custodial fathers who are behind on child support payments, less than half of these men were living with their own father at age 14.
Slip-sliding: Among black children between the ages of 6 to 9 years old, black children in mother-only households scored significantly lower on tests of intellectual ability, than black children living with two parents.
Source: Luster and McAdoo, Child Development 65. 1994.
Dadless dropouts: After taking into account race, socio-economic status, sex, age and ability, high school students from single-parent households were 1.7 times more likely to drop out than were their corresponding counterparts living with both biological parents.
Source: Ralph McNeal, Sociology of Education 88. 1995.
Takes two: Families in which both the child's biological or adoptive parents are present in the household show significantly higher levels of parental involvement in the child's school activities than do mother-only families or step-families.
Source: Zill and Nord, "Running in Place." Child Trends. 1994
Con garden: Forty-three percent of prison inmates grew up in a single-parent household -- 39 percent with their mothers, 4 percent with their fathers -- and an additional 14 percent lived in households without either biological parent. Another 14 percent had spent at last part of their childhood in a foster home, agency or other juvenile institution.
Source: US Bureau of Justice Statistics, Survey of State Prison Inmates. 1991
Criminal moms, criminal kids: The children of single teenage mothers are more at risk for later criminal behavior. In the case of a teenage mother, the absence of a father also increases the risk of harshness from the mother.
Source: M. Mourash, L. Rucker, Crime and Delinquency 35. 1989.
Rearing rapists: Seventy-two percent of adolescent murderers grew up without fathers. Sixty percent of
Source: D. Cornell (et al.), Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 5. 1987. And N. Davidson, "Life Without Father," Policy Review. 1990.
Crime and poverty: The proportion of single-parent households in a community predicts its rate of violent crime and burglary, but the community's poverty level does not.
Source: D.A. Smith and G.R. Jarjoura, "Social Structure and Criminal Victimization," Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 25. 1988.
Marriage matters: Only 13 percent of juvenile delinquents come from families in which the biological mother and father are married to each other. By contract, 33 percent have parents who are either divorced or separated and 44 percent have parents who were never married.
Source:
No good time: Compared to boys from intact, two-parent families, teenage boys from disrupted families are not only more likely to be incarcerated for delinquent offenses, but also to manifest worse conduct while incarcerated.
Source: M Eileen Matlock et al., "Family Correlates of Social Skills..." Adolescence 29. 1994.
Count 'em: Seventy percent of juveniles in state reform institutions grew up in single- or no-parent situations. Source: Alan Beck et al., Survey of Youth in Custody, 1987, US Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1988.
The Main Thing: The relationship between family structure and crime is so strong that controlling for family configuration erases the relationship between race and crime and between low income and crime. This conclusion shows up time and again in the literature. Source: E. Kamarck, William Galston, Putting Children First, Progressive Policy Inst. 1990
Examples: Teenage fathers are more likely than their childless peers to commit and be convicted of illegal activity, and their offenses are of a more serious nature.
Source: M.A. Pirog-Good, "Teen Father and the Child Support System," in Paternity Establishment, Institute for research on Poverty,
The 'hood: The likelihood that a young male will engage in criminal activity doubles if he is raised without a father and triples if he lives in a neighborhood with a high concentration of single-parent families.
Source: A. Anne Hill, June O'Neill, "Underclass Behaviors in the
Bringing the war back home: The odds that a boy born in
Get ahead at home and at work: Fathers who cared for their children intellectual development and their adolescent's social development were more like to advance in their careers, compared to men who weren't involved in such activities.
Source: J. Snarey, How Fathers Care for the Next Generation.Harvard Univ. Press.
Diaper dads: In 1991, about 20 percent of preschool children were cared for by their fathers -- both married and single. In 1988, the number was 15 percent.
Source: M. O'Connell, "Where's Papa? Father's Role in Child Care," Population Reference Bureau. 1993.
Without leave: Sixty-three percent of 1500 CEOs and human resource directors said it was not reasonable for a father to take a leave after the birth of a child.
Source: J.H. Pleck, "Family Supportive Employer Policies," Center for research in Women. 1991.
Get a job: The number of men who complain that work conflicts with their family responsibilities rose from 12 percent in 1977 to 72 percent in 1989. Meanwhile, 74 percent of men prefer a "daddy track" job to a "fast track" job.
Source: James Levine, The Fatherhood Project.
Long-distance dads: Twenty-six percent of absent fathers live in a different state than their children.Source: US Bureau of the Census, Statistical Brief . 1991.
Cool Dad of the Week: Among fathers who maintain contact with their children after a divorce, the pattern of the relationship between father-and-child changes. They begin to behave more like relatives than like parents. Instead of helping with homework, nonresident dads are more likely to take the kids shopping, to the movies, or out to dinner. Instead of providing steady advice and guidance, divorced fathers become "treat dads." Source: F. Furstenberg, A. Cherlin, Divided Families .
Older's not wiser: While 57 percent of unwed dads with kids no older than two visit their children more than once a week, by the time the kid's seven and a half, only 23 percent are in frequent contact with their children.
Source: R. Lerman and Theodora Ooms, Young Unwed Fathers . 1993.
Ten years after: Ten years after the breakup of a marriage, more than two-thirds of kids report not having seen their father for a year. Source: National Commission on Children, Speaking of Kids. 1991.
No such address: More than half the kids who don't live with their father have never been in their father's house. Source: F. Furstenberg, A. Cherlin, Divided Families.
Dadless years: About 40 percent of the kids living in fatherless homes haven't seen their dads in a year or more. Of the rest, only one in five sleeps even one night a month at the father's home. And only one in six sees their father once or more per week. Source: F. Furstenberg, A. Cherlin, Divided Families.
Measuring up? According to a 1992
Father unknown: Of kids living in single-mom households, 35 percent never see their fathers, and another 24 percent see their fathers less than once a month.
Source: J.A. Selzer, "Children's Contact with Absent Parents," Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50 (1988).
Missed contact: In a study of 304 young adults, those whose parents divorced after they left home had significantly less contact with their fathers than adult children who parents remained married. Weekly contact with their children dropped from 78 percent for still-married fathers to 44 percent for divorced fathers. Source: William Aquilino, "Later Life Parental Divorce and Widowhood," Journal of Marriage and the Family 56. 1994.
Commercial breaks: The amount of time a father spends with his child -- one-on-one -- averages less than 10 minutes a day. Source: J. P. Robinson, et al., "The Rhythm of Everyday Life." Westview Press. 1988
High risk: Overall, more than 75 percent of American children are at risk because of paternal deprivation. Even in two-parent homes, fewer than 25 percent of young boys and girls experience an average of at least one hour a day of relatively individualized contact with their fathers. Source: Henry Biller, "The Father Factor..." a paper based on presentations during meetings with William Galston, Deputy Director, Domestic Policy, Clinton White House, December 1993 and April 1994.
Knock, knock: Of children age 5 to 14, 1.6 million return home to houses where there is no adult present. Source:
Who said talk's cheap? Almost 20 percent of sixth- through twelfth-graders have not had a good conversation lasting for at least 10 minutes with at least one of their parents in more than a month. Source: Peter Benson, "The Troubled Journey." Search Institute. 1993.
Justified guilt: A 1990 L.A. Times poll found that 57 percent of all fathers and 55 percent of all mothers feel guilty about not spending enough time with their children. Source: Lynn Smith and Bob Sipchen, "Two Career Family Dilemma,"
Who are you, mister? In 1965, parents on average spent approximately 30 hours a week with their kids. By 1985, the amount of time had fallen to 17 hours.
Source: William Mattox, "The Parent Trap." Policy Review. Winter, 1991.
Waiting Works: Only eight percent of those who finished high school, got married before having a child, and waited until age 20 to have that child were living in poverty in 1992. Source: William Galston, "Beyond the Murphy Brown Debate." Institute for Family Values. Dec. 10, 1993.
More Statistics
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63% of youth suicides are from fatherless homes (Source: U.S. D.H.H.S., Bureau of the Census) |
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90% of all homeless and runaway children are from fatherless homes |
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85% of all children that exhibit behavioral disorders come from fatherless homes (Source: Center for Disease Control) |
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80% of rapists motivated with displaced anger come from fatherless homes (Source: Criminal Justice & Behavior, Vol 14, p. 403-26, 1978.) |
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71% of all high school dropouts come from fatherless homes (Source: National Principals Association Report on the State of |
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75% of all adolescent patients in chemical abuse centers come from fatherless homes (Source: Rainbows for all God`s Children.) |
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70% of juveniles in state-operated institutions come from fatherless homes (Source: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Special Report, Sept 1988) |
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85% of all youths sitting in prisons grew up in a fatherless home (Source: Fulton Co. Georgia jail populations, Texas Dept. of Corrections 1992) |
The State of
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37.9% of fathers have no access/visitation rights. (Source: p.6, col.II, para. 6, lines 4 & 5, Census Bureau P-60, #173, Sept 1991.) |
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"40% of mothers reported that they had interfered with the non-custodial father's visitation on at least one occasion, to punish the ex-spouse." (Source: p. 449, col. II, lines 3-6, (citing |
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"Overall, approximately 50% of mothers "see no value in the father`s continued contact with his children...." (Source: Surviving the Breakup, Joan Kelly & Judith Wallerstein, p. 125) |
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Only 11% of mothers value their husband's input when it comes to handling problems with their kids. Teachers & doctors rated 45%, and close friends & relatives rated 16%. (Source: EDK Associates survey of 500 women for Redbook Magazine. Redbook, November 1994, p. 36) |
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"The former spouse (mother) was the greatest obstacle to having more frequent contact with the children." (Source: Increasing our understanding of fathers who have infrequent contact with their children, James Dudley, Family Relations, Vol. 4, p. 281, July 1991.) |
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"A clear majority (70%) of fathers felt that they had too little time with their children." (Source: Visitation and the Noncustodial Father, Mary Ann Kock & Carol Lowery, Journal of Divorce, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 54, Winter 1984.) |
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"Very few of the children were satisfied with the amount of contact with their fathers, after divorce." (Source: Visitation and the Noncustodial Father, Koch & Lowery, Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 50, Winter 1984.) |
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"Feelings of anger towards their former spouses hindered effective involvement on the part of fathers; angry mothers would sometimes sabotage father's efforts to visit their children." (Source: Ahrons and Miller, Am. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 63. p. 442, July `93.) |
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"Mothers may prevent visits to retaliate against fathers for problems in their marital or post-marital relationship." (Source: Seltzer, Shaeffer & Charing, Journal of Marriage & the Family, Vol. 51, p. 1015, November 1989.) |
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In a study: "Visitational Interference - A National Study" by Ms. J Annette Vanini, M.S.W. and Edward Nichols, M.S.W., it was found that 77% of non-custodial fathers are NOT able to "visit" their children, as ordered by the court, as a result of "visitation interference" perpetuated by the custodial parent. In other words, non-compliance with court ordered visitation is three times the problem of non-compliance with court ordered child support and impacts the children of divorce even more. (Originally published Sept. 1992) |
Child Support
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Information from multiple sources show that only 10% of all noncustodial fathers fit the "deadbeat dad" category: 90% of the fathers with joint custody paid the support due. Fathers with visitation rights pay 79.1%; and 44.5% of those with NO visitation rights still financially support their children. (Source: Census Bureau report. Series P-23, No. 173). |
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Additionally, of those not paying support, 66% are not doing so because they lack the financial resources to pay (Source: GAO report: GAO/HRD-92-39 FS). |
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52% of fathers who owe child support earn less than $6,155 per year. (Source: The Poverty Studies Institute at the University of Wisconsin, Madison,1993) |
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66% of single mothers work less than full time while only 10% of fathers fall into this category. In addition, almost 47% of non-custodial mothers default on support compared with the 27% of fathers who default. (Source: Garansky and Meyer, DHHS Technical Analysis Paper No. 42, 1991). |
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66% of all support not paid by non-custodial fathers is due to inability to pay. (Source: U.S. General Accounting Office Report, GAO/HRD-92-39FS January 1992). |
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Total Custodial Mothers: 11,268,000 |
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Total Custodial Fathers: 2,907,000 (Source: Current Population Reports, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Series P-20, No. 458, 1991). |
The following is sourced from: Technical Analysis Paper No. 42, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Income Security Policy, Oct. 1991, Authors: Meyer and Garansky.
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Custodial mothers who receive a support award: 79.6% |
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Custodial fathers who receive a support award: 29.9% |
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Non-custodial mothers who totally default on support: 46.9% |
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Non-custodial fathers who totally default on support: 26.9% |
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